{smcl}
{com}{sf}{ul off}{txt}{.-}
      name:  {res}<unnamed>
       {txt}log:  {res}C:\Users\natha\Dropbox\Papers NG\Party Organisation and Representation Paper\final submission for PRSM\Replication Materials\replication_GigerSchumacher.smcl
  {txt}log type:  {res}smcl
 {txt}opened on:  {res}16 Sep 2019, 15:47:44

{com}. log off
      {txt}name:  {res}<unnamed>
       {txt}log:  {res}C:\Users\natha\Dropbox\Papers NG\Party Organisation and Representation Paper\final submission for PRSM\Replication Materials\replication_GigerSchumacher.smcl
  {txt}log type:  {res}smcl
 {txt}paused on:  {res}16 Sep 2019, 15:47:53
{txt}{.-}
{smcl}
{txt}{sf}{ul off}{smcl}
{com}{sf}{ul off}{txt}{.-}
      name:  {res}<unnamed>
       {txt}log:  {res}C:\Users\natha\Dropbox\Papers NG\Party Organisation and Representation Paper\final submission for PRSM\Replication Materials\replication_GigerSchumacher.smcl
  {txt}log type:  {res}smcl
{txt}resumed on:  {res}16 Sep 2019, 15:48:02

{com}. do "C:\Users\natha\AppData\Local\Temp\STD00000000.tmp"
{txt}
{com}. *Replication of tables in the study
. 
. *Table 2
. xtmixed relcit q21  pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 105.48783}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 105.48959}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 105.48959}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    10.17
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 105.48959{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0707

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.1322859{col 26}{space 2}  .047944{col 37}{space 1}   -2.76{col 46}{space 3}0.006{col 54}{space 4}-.2262544{col 67}{space 3}-.0383173
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0019488{col 26}{space 2} .0011386{col 37}{space 1}    1.71{col 46}{space 3}0.087{col 54}{space 4}-.0002828{col 67}{space 3} .0041804
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0050269{col 26}{space 2} .0234546{col 37}{space 1}   -0.21{col 46}{space 3}0.830{col 54}{space 4}-.0509971{col 67}{space 3} .0409433
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0007107{col 26}{space 2} .0003268{col 37}{space 1}   -2.17{col 46}{space 3}0.030{col 54}{space 4}-.0013511{col 67}{space 3}-.0000702
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0042318{col 26}{space 2} .0402233{col 37}{space 1}    0.11{col 46}{space 3}0.916{col 54}{space 4}-.0746045{col 67}{space 3}  .083068
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 1.327173{col 26}{space 2} .6488126{col 37}{space 1}    2.05{col 46}{space 3}0.041{col 54}{space 4} .0555237{col 67}{space 3} 2.598822
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0333329{col 44} .0179423{col 58} .0116062{col 70} .0957312
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33}  .138408{col 44} .0073597{col 58} .1247094{col 70} .1536112
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}1.94{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0820
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed relcit  lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 103.38809}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 103.39327}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 103.39327}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}     5.80
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 103.39327{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.3260

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0149068{col 26}{space 2} .0082036{col 37}{space 1}   -1.82{col 46}{space 3}0.069{col 54}{space 4}-.0309856{col 67}{space 3} .0011721
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0009083{col 26}{space 2} .0010336{col 37}{space 1}    0.88{col 46}{space 3}0.379{col 54}{space 4}-.0011174{col 67}{space 3} .0029341
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0219587{col 26}{space 2} .0235809{col 37}{space 1}   -0.93{col 46}{space 3}0.352{col 54}{space 4}-.0681765{col 67}{space 3} .0242591
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0002518{col 26}{space 2} .0003258{col 37}{space 1}   -0.77{col 46}{space 3}0.440{col 54}{space 4}-.0008904{col 67}{space 3} .0003868
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0002289{col 26}{space 2} .0406802{col 37}{space 1}    0.01{col 46}{space 3}0.996{col 54}{space 4}-.0795029{col 67}{space 3} .0799606
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .4028346{col 26}{space 2} .6350687{col 37}{space 1}    0.63{col 46}{space 3}0.526{col 54}{space 4}-.8418773{col 67}{space 3} 1.647546
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0338032{col 44} .0209214{col 58} .0100492{col 70} .1137058
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1398818{col 44} .0075589{col 58} .1258242{col 70}   .15551
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}1.41{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.1173
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed relcit q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 107.38036}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 107.38409}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 107.38409}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    14.22
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 107.38409{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0272

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.1352481{col 26}{space 2} .0473572{col 37}{space 1}   -2.86{col 46}{space 3}0.004{col 54}{space 4}-.2280664{col 67}{space 3}-.0424298
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0157633{col 26}{space 2} .0080469{col 37}{space 1}   -1.96{col 46}{space 3}0.050{col 54}{space 4}-.0315349{col 67}{space 3} 8.33e-06
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0027053{col 26}{space 2} .0011883{col 37}{space 1}    2.28{col 46}{space 3}0.023{col 54}{space 4} .0003762{col 67}{space 3} .0050344
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0111435{col 26}{space 2} .0234234{col 37}{space 1}   -0.48{col 46}{space 3}0.634{col 54}{space 4}-.0570525{col 67}{space 3} .0347655
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0005322{col 26}{space 2} .0003335{col 37}{space 1}   -1.60{col 46}{space 3}0.111{col 54}{space 4}-.0011858{col 67}{space 3} .0001215
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}  .000286{col 26}{space 2} .0398112{col 37}{space 1}    0.01{col 46}{space 3}0.994{col 54}{space 4}-.0777425{col 67}{space 3} .0783146
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 1.013803{col 26}{space 2} .6570847{col 37}{space 1}    1.54{col 46}{space 3}0.123{col 54}{space 4}-.2740595{col 67}{space 3} 2.301665
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0311369{col 44} .0185048{col 58}  .009714{col 70} .0998043
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1373173{col 44} .0073247{col 58}  .123686{col 70} .1524508
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}1.46{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.1132
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table 3
. xtmixed distance_a q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country: 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-144.31295}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-144.31295}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    13.49
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-144.31295{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0359

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}  distance_a{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}  -.35625{col 26}{space 2} .1780158{col 37}{space 1}   -2.00{col 46}{space 3}0.045{col 54}{space 4}-.7051546{col 67}{space 3}-.0073454
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0747009{col 26}{space 2} .0285888{col 37}{space 1}   -2.61{col 46}{space 3}0.009{col 54}{space 4}-.1307339{col 67}{space 3}-.0186679
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0033895{col 26}{space 2} .0043821{col 37}{space 1}    0.77{col 46}{space 3}0.439{col 54}{space 4}-.0051992{col 67}{space 3} .0119782
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0147418{col 26}{space 2}  .083894{col 37}{space 1}    0.18{col 46}{space 3}0.861{col 54}{space 4}-.1496875{col 67}{space 3} .1791711
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} -.001056{col 26}{space 2}  .001267{col 37}{space 1}   -0.83{col 46}{space 3}0.405{col 54}{space 4}-.0035393{col 67}{space 3} .0014273
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .1459123{col 26}{space 2} .1446507{col 37}{space 1}    1.01{col 46}{space 3}0.313{col 54}{space 4}-.1375977{col 67}{space 3} .4294224
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .8578964{col 26}{space 2} 2.501906{col 37}{space 1}    0.34{col 46}{space 3}0.732{col 54}{space 4} -4.04575{col 67}{space 3} 5.761543
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2436359{col 44} .0779484{col 58} .1301396{col 70} .4561138
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4797975{col 44}  .025675{col 58} .4320244{col 70} .5328532
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}12.03{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0003
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed subjcong q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country:  
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-184.26319}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-184.26319}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       195
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         4
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      13.9
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    10.65
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-184.26319{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0998

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}    subjcong{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.5174422{col 26}{space 2} .2188408{col 37}{space 1}   -2.36{col 46}{space 3}0.018{col 54}{space 4}-.9463623{col 67}{space 3}-.0885221
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0697448{col 26}{space 2} .0350516{col 37}{space 1}   -1.99{col 46}{space 3}0.047{col 54}{space 4}-.1384447{col 67}{space 3}-.0010449
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0111123{col 26}{space 2} .0052828{col 37}{space 1}    2.10{col 46}{space 3}0.035{col 54}{space 4} .0007581{col 67}{space 3} .0214665
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0047223{col 26}{space 2} .1045693{col 37}{space 1}   -0.05{col 46}{space 3}0.964{col 54}{space 4}-.2096744{col 67}{space 3} .2002297
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}  -.00077{col 26}{space 2} .0015192{col 37}{space 1}   -0.51{col 46}{space 3}0.612{col 54}{space 4}-.0037476{col 67}{space 3} .0022076
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .2277512{col 26}{space 2} .1710642{col 37}{space 1}    1.33{col 46}{space 3}0.183{col 54}{space 4}-.1075286{col 67}{space 3}  .563031
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .4164751{col 26}{space 2} 3.001746{col 37}{space 1}    0.14{col 46}{space 3}0.890{col 54}{space 4}-5.466839{col 67}{space 3} 6.299789
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4161978{col 44} .1102216{col 58} .2476716{col 70} .6993963
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .5792258{col 44} .0309172{col 58} .5216912{col 70} .6431057
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}23.15{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0000
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed absmean_distance q21  pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country: 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: -218.2554}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-218.24633}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-218.24632}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    12.42
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-218.24632{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0295

{txt}{hline 17}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}absmean_distance{col 18}{c |}      Coef.{col 30}   Std. Err.{col 42}      z{col 50}   P>|z|{col 58}     [95% Con{col 71}f. Interval]
{hline 17}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 13}q21 {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}  .770098{col 30}{space 2} .2494313{col 41}{space 1}    3.09{col 50}{space 3}0.002{col 58}{space 4} .2812215{col 71}{space 3} 1.258974
{txt}{space 9}pervote {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-.0120642{col 30}{space 2} .0059285{col 41}{space 1}   -2.03{col 50}{space 3}0.042{col 58}{space 4}-.0236839{col 71}{space 3}-.0004444
{txt}{space 7}incumbent {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-.0539929{col 30}{space 2} .1223069{col 41}{space 1}   -0.44{col 50}{space 3}0.659{col 58}{space 4}-.2937101{col 71}{space 3} .1857243
{txt}{space 6}foundation {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}  .003558{col 30}{space 2} .0016976{col 41}{space 1}    2.10{col 50}{space 3}0.036{col 58}{space 4} .0002308{col 71}{space 3} .0068851
{txt}{space 6}rile_dummy {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-.2133186{col 30}{space 2} .2095963{col 41}{space 1}   -1.02{col 50}{space 3}0.309{col 58}{space 4}-.6241197{col 71}{space 3} .1974825
{txt}{space 11}_cons {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-6.574038{col 30}{space 2} 3.370514{col 41}{space 1}   -1.95{col 50}{space 3}0.051{col 58}{space 4}-13.18013{col 71}{space 3} .0320487
{txt}{hline 17}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1659334{col 44} .1104947{col 58} .0449904{col 70} .6119942
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33}  .722942{col 44} .0391435{col 58} .6501528{col 70} .8038805
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}1.24{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.1325
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed partystd lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country: if e(sample) 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-28.396193}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-28.396193}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    28.41
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-28.396193{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0000

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}    partystd{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}  .054366{col 26}{space 2} .0157153{col 37}{space 1}    3.46{col 46}{space 3}0.001{col 54}{space 4} .0235645{col 67}{space 3} .0851675
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0044436{col 26}{space 2} .0020191{col 37}{space 1}    2.20{col 46}{space 3}0.028{col 54}{space 4} .0004863{col 67}{space 3} .0084009
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.1009945{col 26}{space 2} .0455501{col 37}{space 1}   -2.22{col 46}{space 3}0.027{col 54}{space 4} -.190271{col 67}{space 3}-.0117181
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} -.000599{col 26}{space 2} .0006632{col 37}{space 1}   -0.90{col 46}{space 3}0.366{col 54}{space 4}-.0018988{col 67}{space 3} .0007007
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0355442{col 26}{space 2} .0797797{col 37}{space 1}    0.45{col 46}{space 3}0.656{col 54}{space 4}-.1208212{col 67}{space 3} .1919095
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 2.716475{col 26}{space 2} 1.294461{col 37}{space 1}    2.10{col 46}{space 3}0.036{col 54}{space 4} .1793778{col 67}{space 3} 5.253573
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33}  .153306{col 44} .0378037{col 58} .0945499{col 70} .2485747
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2636296{col 44}  .013844{col 58} .2378455{col 70} .2922088
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}26.57{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0000
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. ********************************************************************************
. 
. *Supplementary Material
. *********************************************************************************
. 
. *Table with descriptives  (table 1)
. sum relcit distance_a subjcong absmean_distance partystd q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation rile_dummy if e(sample)

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
{space 6}relcit {c |}{res}        196   -.1123006    .1459329  -.7301709          0
{txt}{space 2}distance_a {c |}{res}        196   -1.522388    .5408386  -4.512459   -.740533
{txt}{space 4}subjcong {c |}{res}        186   -1.313099    .6784783  -5.180095  -.4594595
{txt}absmean_di~e {c |}{res}        196     .630861    .7658308   .0034122   4.472518
{txt}{space 4}partystd {c |}{res}        196    1.714222    .3171978   .9376144   2.710307
{txt}{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{res}        196    .7000992    .3028215          0          1
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{res}        196    2.582902     1.36386  -.6666665          6
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{res}        196    16.05918    12.15659       1.18       46.4
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{res}        196    .3214286    .4682209          0          1
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{res}        196    1945.337    37.56388       1859       2006
{txt}{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{res}        196    .0714286    .2581989          0          1
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Figure 1 (two dimensional scatter with CMP)
. scatter lll q21, mlabel(partyvote) ytitle(vertical integration) xtitle(horizontal integration)
{res}{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table 2 (empty model)
. xtmixed relcit  || country:  , var nolog
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}0{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}        .
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 100.54048{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}     .

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.1190683{col 26}{space 2} .0145165{col 37}{space 1}   -8.20{col 46}{space 3}0.000{col 54}{space 4}  -.14752{col 67}{space 3}-.0906166
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 19}var(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33}  .001336{col 44} .0015265{col 58} .0001423{col 70}  .012543
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 16}var(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0200623{col 44} .0021656{col 58} .0162368{col 70} .0247892
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}1.86{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0865
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. *Table 3 (with party positions from highly educated only)
. xtmixed relcit_edu q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:  102.7232}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 102.91312}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 102.91471}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 3:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 102.91471}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    18.04
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 102.91471{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0061

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}  relcit_edu{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.1086654{col 26}{space 2} .0463569{col 37}{space 1}   -2.34{col 46}{space 3}0.019{col 54}{space 4}-.1995233{col 67}{space 3}-.0178076
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0250148{col 26}{space 2} .0082253{col 37}{space 1}   -3.04{col 46}{space 3}0.002{col 54}{space 4}-.0411362{col 67}{space 3}-.0088935
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0027008{col 26}{space 2} .0011794{col 37}{space 1}    2.29{col 46}{space 3}0.022{col 54}{space 4} .0003892{col 67}{space 3} .0050124
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0024633{col 26}{space 2} .0238089{col 37}{space 1}   -0.10{col 46}{space 3}0.918{col 54}{space 4}-.0491279{col 67}{space 3} .0442013
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0004169{col 26}{space 2} .0003187{col 37}{space 1}   -1.31{col 46}{space 3}0.191{col 54}{space 4}-.0010415{col 67}{space 3} .0002077
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0015991{col 26}{space 2} .0398355{col 37}{space 1}    0.04{col 46}{space 3}0.968{col 54}{space 4}-.0764771{col 67}{space 3} .0796752
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}  .779343{col 26}{space 2} .6268362{col 37}{space 1}    1.24{col 46}{space 3}0.214{col 54}{space 4}-.4492333{col 67}{space 3} 2.007919
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} 2.93e-10{col 44} 1.57e-09{col 58} 7.86e-15{col 70} .0000109
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1431283{col 44} .0072291{col 58} .1296383{col 70} .1580221
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}0.00{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}1.0000
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed distance_a_edu q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country: 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-151.72635}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-151.72633}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    17.75
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-151.72633{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0069

{txt}{hline 15}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}distance_a_edu{col 16}{c |}      Coef.{col 28}   Std. Err.{col 40}      z{col 48}   P>|z|{col 56}     [95% Con{col 69}f. Interval]
{hline 15}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 11}q21 {c |}{col 16}{res}{space 2}-.3412607{col 28}{space 2} .1819351{col 39}{space 1}   -1.88{col 48}{space 3}0.061{col 56}{space 4}-.6978471{col 69}{space 3} .0153256
{txt}{space 11}lll {c |}{col 16}{res}{space 2}-.0957915{col 28}{space 2} .0300101{col 39}{space 1}   -3.19{col 48}{space 3}0.001{col 56}{space 4}-.1546101{col 69}{space 3}-.0369728
{txt}{space 7}pervote {c |}{col 16}{res}{space 2} .0036348{col 28}{space 2} .0045201{col 39}{space 1}    0.80{col 48}{space 3}0.421{col 56}{space 4}-.0052244{col 69}{space 3} .0124939
{txt}{space 5}incumbent {c |}{col 16}{res}{space 2} .0344519{col 28}{space 2} .0877421{col 39}{space 1}    0.39{col 48}{space 3}0.695{col 56}{space 4}-.1375195{col 69}{space 3} .2064233
{txt}{space 4}foundation {c |}{col 16}{res}{space 2}-.0014614{col 28}{space 2} .0012908{col 39}{space 1}   -1.13{col 48}{space 3}0.258{col 56}{space 4}-.0039913{col 69}{space 3} .0010684
{txt}{space 4}rile_dummy {c |}{col 16}{res}{space 2} .1681941{col 28}{space 2}  .150357{col 39}{space 1}    1.12{col 48}{space 3}0.263{col 56}{space 4}-.1265003{col 69}{space 3} .4628884
{txt}{space 9}_cons {c |}{col 16}{res}{space 2} 1.659679{col 28}{space 2} 2.546144{col 39}{space 1}    0.65{col 48}{space 3}0.515{col 56}{space 4}-3.330672{col 69}{space 3}  6.65003
{txt}{hline 15}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1777815{col 44} .0672451{col 58} .0847077{col 70} .3731212
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .5072132{col 44}  .026962{col 58} .4570283{col 70} .5629088
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}5.97{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0073
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed absmean_distance_edu q21  pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country: 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-226.76194}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-226.59653}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-226.59652}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    12.40
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-226.59652{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0296

{txt}{hline 21}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}absmean_distance_edu{col 22}{c |}      Coef.{col 34}   Std. Err.{col 46}      z{col 54}   P>|z|{col 62}     [95% Con{col 75}f. Interval]
{hline 21}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 17}q21 {c |}{col 22}{res}{space 2} .6820436{col 34}{space 2} .2490027{col 45}{space 1}    2.74{col 54}{space 3}0.006{col 62}{space 4} .1940073{col 75}{space 3}  1.17008
{txt}{space 13}pervote {c |}{col 22}{res}{space 2}-.0106026{col 34}{space 2} .0059918{col 45}{space 1}   -1.77{col 54}{space 3}0.077{col 62}{space 4}-.0223463{col 75}{space 3} .0011412
{txt}{space 11}incumbent {c |}{col 22}{res}{space 2}-.1148368{col 34}{space 2} .1264062{col 45}{space 1}   -0.91{col 54}{space 3}0.364{col 62}{space 4}-.3625885{col 75}{space 3} .1329148
{txt}{space 10}foundation {c |}{col 22}{res}{space 2} .0037189{col 34}{space 2} .0016434{col 45}{space 1}    2.26{col 54}{space 3}0.024{col 62}{space 4} .0004978{col 75}{space 3}   .00694
{txt}{space 10}rile_dummy {c |}{col 22}{res}{space 2}-.2148994{col 34}{space 2} .2139016{col 45}{space 1}   -1.00{col 54}{space 3}0.315{col 62}{space 4}-.6341388{col 75}{space 3} .2043399
{txt}{space 15}_cons {c |}{col 22}{res}{space 2}-6.768934{col 34}{space 2} 3.260303{col 45}{space 1}   -2.08{col 54}{space 3}0.038{col 62}{space 4}-13.15901{col 75}{space 3}-.3788579
{txt}{hline 21}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0001587{col 44}  .001027{col 58} 4.90e-10{col 70} 51.32644
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .7688696{col 44} .0388339{col 58} .6964026{col 70} .8488774
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}0.00{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}1.0000
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table 4 (without niche parties)
. xtmixed relcit q21 lll foundation incumbent pervote || country: if rile_dummy==0
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 99.682094}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 99.689286}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 99.689287}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       182
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      13.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    15.41
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 99.689287{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0088

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.1406845{col 26}{space 2} .0482841{col 37}{space 1}   -2.91{col 46}{space 3}0.004{col 54}{space 4}-.2353195{col 67}{space 3}-.0460495
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0208995{col 26}{space 2} .0084621{col 37}{space 1}   -2.47{col 46}{space 3}0.014{col 54}{space 4}-.0374849{col 67}{space 3}-.0043141
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0004413{col 26}{space 2} .0003465{col 37}{space 1}   -1.27{col 46}{space 3}0.203{col 54}{space 4}-.0011205{col 67}{space 3} .0002378
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0065133{col 26}{space 2} .0240695{col 37}{space 1}   -0.27{col 46}{space 3}0.787{col 54}{space 4}-.0536888{col 67}{space 3} .0406621
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}  .002339{col 26}{space 2} .0012448{col 37}{space 1}    1.88{col 46}{space 3}0.060{col 54}{space 4}-.0001008{col 67}{space 3} .0047787
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .8595695{col 26}{space 2} .6822139{col 37}{space 1}    1.26{col 46}{space 3}0.208{col 54}{space 4}-.4775452{col 67}{space 3} 2.196684
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0292057{col 44} .0191993{col 58}  .008052{col 70} .1059333
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1375551{col 44} .0076209{col 58} .1234009{col 70} .1533329
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}1.13{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.1444
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed distance_a q21 lll foundation incumbent pervote || country: if rile_dummy==0
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-139.08405}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-139.08405}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       182
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      13.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    12.72
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-139.08405{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0262

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}  distance_a{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.4065202{col 26}{space 2} .1868605{col 37}{space 1}   -2.18{col 46}{space 3}0.030{col 54}{space 4}  -.77276{col 67}{space 3}-.0402804
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0815273{col 26}{space 2} .0310353{col 37}{space 1}   -2.63{col 46}{space 3}0.009{col 54}{space 4}-.1423553{col 67}{space 3}-.0206993
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0013098{col 26}{space 2} .0013564{col 37}{space 1}   -0.97{col 46}{space 3}0.334{col 54}{space 4}-.0039684{col 67}{space 3} .0013487
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0113185{col 26}{space 2} .0887146{col 37}{space 1}    0.13{col 46}{space 3}0.898{col 54}{space 4}-.1625589{col 67}{space 3} .1851959
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0042655{col 26}{space 2} .0047501{col 37}{space 1}    0.90{col 46}{space 3}0.369{col 54}{space 4}-.0050444{col 67}{space 3} .0135754
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 1.392484{col 26}{space 2} 2.676319{col 37}{space 1}    0.52{col 46}{space 3}0.603{col 54}{space 4}-3.853006{col 67}{space 3} 6.637973
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2342567{col 44} .0793068{col 58} .1206481{col 70} .4548449
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4944783{col 44} .0275733{col 58} .4432843{col 70} .5515847
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}9.44{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0011
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed subjcong q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  || country:  if rile_dummy==0 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-175.78982}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-175.78982}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       180
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         4
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      12.9
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}     9.62
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-175.78982{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0869

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}    subjcong{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.5588332{col 26}{space 2} .2314895{col 37}{space 1}   -2.41{col 46}{space 3}0.016{col 54}{space 4}-1.012544{col 67}{space 3}-.1051221
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0808062{col 26}{space 2}   .03844{col 37}{space 1}   -2.10{col 46}{space 3}0.036{col 54}{space 4}-.1561472{col 67}{space 3}-.0054651
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0107478{col 26}{space 2}  .005765{col 37}{space 1}    1.86{col 46}{space 3}0.062{col 54}{space 4}-.0005514{col 67}{space 3} .0220471
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0001984{col 26}{space 2} .1110729{col 37}{space 1}   -0.00{col 46}{space 3}0.999{col 54}{space 4}-.2178974{col 67}{space 3} .2175005
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0010525{col 26}{space 2} .0016399{col 37}{space 1}   -0.64{col 46}{space 3}0.521{col 54}{space 4}-.0042667{col 67}{space 3} .0021617
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}  1.03187{col 26}{space 2} 3.238384{col 37}{space 1}    0.32{col 46}{space 3}0.750{col 54}{space 4}-5.315246{col 67}{space 3} 7.378985
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4086162{col 44} .1117884{col 58} .2390262{col 70} .6985307
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .5979499{col 44} .0333844{col 58} .5359707{col 70} .6670964
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}19.55{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0000
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed absmean_distance q21  pervote incumbent foundation   || country: if rile_dummy==0 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-207.39881}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-207.38838}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-207.38837}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       182
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      13.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}4{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    11.74
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-207.38837{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0194

{txt}{hline 17}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}absmean_distance{col 18}{c |}      Coef.{col 30}   Std. Err.{col 42}      z{col 50}   P>|z|{col 58}     [95% Con{col 71}f. Interval]
{hline 17}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 13}q21 {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2} .8246508{col 30}{space 2} .2609103{col 41}{space 1}    3.16{col 50}{space 3}0.002{col 58}{space 4} .3132761{col 71}{space 3} 1.336026
{txt}{space 9}pervote {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-.0116384{col 30}{space 2} .0063859{col 41}{space 1}   -1.82{col 50}{space 3}0.068{col 58}{space 4}-.0241545{col 71}{space 3} .0008776
{txt}{space 7}incumbent {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-.0636549{col 30}{space 2} .1291403{col 41}{space 1}   -0.49{col 50}{space 3}0.622{col 58}{space 4}-.3167652{col 71}{space 3} .1894554
{txt}{space 6}foundation {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2} .0037649{col 30}{space 2} .0018093{col 41}{space 1}    2.08{col 50}{space 3}0.037{col 58}{space 4} .0002188{col 71}{space 3}  .007311
{txt}{space 11}_cons {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-7.019835{col 30}{space 2} 3.591632{col 41}{space 1}   -1.95{col 50}{space 3}0.051{col 58}{space 4} -14.0593{col 71}{space 3} .0196335
{txt}{hline 17}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1624477{col 44} .1115753{col 58} .0422743{col 70} .6242395
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .7428265{col 44} .0415314{col 58} .6657278{col 70}  .828854
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}1.10{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.1476
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed partystd lll pervote incumbent foundation  || country: if e(sample) & rile_dummy==0 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-21.467997}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-21.467997}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       182
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      13.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}4{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    21.75
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-21.467997{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0002

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}    partystd{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0453148{col 26}{space 2}  .016006{col 37}{space 1}    2.83{col 46}{space 3}0.005{col 54}{space 4} .0139435{col 67}{space 3}  .076686
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}  .004578{col 26}{space 2} .0020663{col 37}{space 1}    2.22{col 46}{space 3}0.027{col 54}{space 4} .0005282{col 67}{space 3} .0086278
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0994521{col 26}{space 2} .0453258{col 37}{space 1}   -2.19{col 46}{space 3}0.028{col 54}{space 4} -.188289{col 67}{space 3}-.0106152
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0003168{col 26}{space 2} .0006771{col 37}{space 1}   -0.47{col 46}{space 3}0.640{col 54}{space 4} -.001644{col 67}{space 3} .0010103
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 2.192479{col 26}{space 2} 1.321761{col 37}{space 1}    1.66{col 46}{space 3}0.097{col 54}{space 4}-.3981247{col 67}{space 3} 4.783083
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1639793{col 44}   .04022{col 58} .1013936{col 70} .2651963
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2545284{col 44} .0139349{col 58} .2286308{col 70} .2833596
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}27.04{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0000
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table 5 (interaction models)
. xtmixed relcit c.q21##c.lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy|| country:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 107.93859}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 107.93968}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 107.93968}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}7{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    15.37
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 107.93968{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0315

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.2228509{col 26}{space 2} .0941115{col 37}{space 1}   -2.37{col 46}{space 3}0.018{col 54}{space 4}-.4073059{col 67}{space 3}-.0383958
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0304749{col 26}{space 2} .0159641{col 37}{space 1}   -1.91{col 46}{space 3}0.056{col 54}{space 4}-.0617639{col 67}{space 3} .0008141
{txt}{space 12} {c |}
{space 1}c.q21#c.lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0271556{col 26}{space 2} .0253221{col 37}{space 1}    1.07{col 46}{space 3}0.284{col 54}{space 4}-.0224747{col 67}{space 3} .0767859
{txt}{space 12} {c |}
{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0026385{col 26}{space 2} .0011903{col 37}{space 1}    2.22{col 46}{space 3}0.027{col 54}{space 4} .0003056{col 67}{space 3} .0049714
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0100785{col 26}{space 2} .0233703{col 37}{space 1}   -0.43{col 46}{space 3}0.666{col 54}{space 4}-.0558834{col 67}{space 3} .0357264
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0006771{col 26}{space 2} .0003559{col 37}{space 1}   -1.90{col 46}{space 3}0.057{col 54}{space 4}-.0013746{col 67}{space 3} .0000203
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0013279{col 26}{space 2}   .03995{col 37}{space 1}   -0.03{col 46}{space 3}0.973{col 54}{space 4}-.0796285{col 67}{space 3} .0769728
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 1.345251{col 26}{space 2} .7171105{col 37}{space 1}    1.88{col 46}{space 3}0.061{col 54}{space 4}-.0602594{col 67}{space 3} 2.750762
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0345328{col 44} .0177742{col 58} .0125925{col 70}    .0947
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1364801{col 44} .0072633{col 58} .1229616{col 70} .1514849
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}2.11{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0732
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed distance_a  c.q21##c.lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy|| country:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-142.82712}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-142.82712}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}7{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    16.72
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-142.82712{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0193

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}  distance_a{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} -.858577{col 26}{space 2} .3390207{col 37}{space 1}   -2.53{col 46}{space 3}0.011{col 54}{space 4}-1.523045{col 67}{space 3}-.1941086
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.1604126{col 26}{space 2} .0570774{col 37}{space 1}   -2.81{col 46}{space 3}0.005{col 54}{space 4}-.2722822{col 67}{space 3} -.048543
{txt}{space 12} {c |}
{space 1}c.q21#c.lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}  .158768{col 26}{space 2} .0916953{col 37}{space 1}    1.73{col 46}{space 3}0.083{col 54}{space 4}-.0209516{col 67}{space 3} .3384875
{txt}{space 12} {c |}
{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0030382{col 26}{space 2} .0043537{col 37}{space 1}    0.70{col 46}{space 3}0.485{col 54}{space 4}-.0054949{col 67}{space 3} .0115713
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0149294{col 26}{space 2} .0833083{col 37}{space 1}    0.18{col 46}{space 3}0.858{col 54}{space 4}-.1483518{col 67}{space 3} .1782106
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0018525{col 26}{space 2} .0013354{col 37}{space 1}   -1.39{col 46}{space 3}0.165{col 54}{space 4}-.0044699{col 67}{space 3} .0007649
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .1306045{col 26}{space 2} .1438766{col 37}{space 1}    0.91{col 46}{space 3}0.364{col 54}{space 4}-.1513883{col 67}{space 3} .4125974
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 2.693345{col 26}{space 2} 2.691872{col 37}{space 1}    1.00{col 46}{space 3}0.317{col 54}{space 4}-2.582628{col 67}{space 3} 7.969318
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2372074{col 44} .0750546{col 58} .1275852{col 70} .4410179
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4766822{col 44} .0254492{col 58} .4293236{col 70} .5292648
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}12.87{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0002
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed subjcong  c.q21##c.lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-181.88648}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-181.88648}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       195
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         4
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      13.9
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}7{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    15.71
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-181.88648{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0279

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}    subjcong{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-1.299027{col 26}{space 2} .4169479{col 37}{space 1}   -3.12{col 46}{space 3}0.002{col 54}{space 4} -2.11623{col 67}{space 3}-.4818243
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.2058368{col 26}{space 2} .0710453{col 37}{space 1}   -2.90{col 46}{space 3}0.004{col 54}{space 4} -.345083{col 67}{space 3}-.0665907
{txt}{space 12} {c |}
{space 1}c.q21#c.lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .2442945{col 26}{space 2} .1113648{col 37}{space 1}    2.19{col 46}{space 3}0.028{col 54}{space 4} .0260234{col 67}{space 3} .4625655
{txt}{space 12} {c |}
{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0105014{col 26}{space 2} .0052255{col 37}{space 1}    2.01{col 46}{space 3}0.044{col 54}{space 4} .0002596{col 67}{space 3} .0207431
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0001559{col 26}{space 2} .1033045{col 37}{space 1}    0.00{col 46}{space 3}0.999{col 54}{space 4}-.2023172{col 67}{space 3}  .202629
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0018543{col 26}{space 2} .0015806{col 37}{space 1}   -1.17{col 46}{space 3}0.241{col 54}{space 4}-.0049523{col 67}{space 3} .0012437
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .2100398{col 26}{space 2} .1691563{col 37}{space 1}    1.24{col 46}{space 3}0.214{col 54}{space 4}-.1215005{col 67}{space 3} .5415801
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 2.981786{col 26}{space 2} 3.188938{col 37}{space 1}    0.94{col 46}{space 3}0.350{col 54}{space 4}-3.268419{col 67}{space 3}  9.23199
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4127566{col 44} .1078764{col 58} .2473019{col 70}  .688907
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .5720644{col 44} .0304974{col 58} .5153075{col 70} .6350727
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}25.19{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0000
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table 6 (categorical interaction models)
. sum lll

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
{space 9}lll {c |}{res}        326    2.624357     1.37201  -.6666665          6
{txt}
{com}. gen leaderdom1=1 if lll>=r(mean)
{txt}(153 missing values generated)

{com}. replace leaderdom1=0 if lll<r(mean)
{txt}(153 real changes made)

{com}. replace leaderdom1=. if lll==.
{txt}(120 real changes made, 120 to missing)

{com}. 
. sum q21

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{res}        326     .656135    .3164895          0          1
{txt}
{com}. gen massdom=1 if q21>=r(mean)
{txt}(131 missing values generated)

{com}. replace massdom=0 if q21<r(mean)
{txt}(131 real changes made)

{com}. replace massdom=. if q21==.
{txt}(120 real changes made, 120 to missing)

{com}. 
. xtmixed relcit  i.massdom##i.leaderdom1 pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 104.27587}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 104.27688}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 104.27688}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}7{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}     7.62
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 104.27688{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.3673

{txt}{hline 19}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}            relcit{col 20}{c |}      Coef.{col 32}   Std. Err.{col 44}      z{col 52}   P>|z|{col 60}     [95% Con{col 73}f. Interval]
{hline 19}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}1.massdom {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.0690816{col 32}{space 2} .0351299{col 43}{space 1}   -1.97{col 52}{space 3}0.049{col 60}{space 4}-.1379349{col 73}{space 3}-.0002284
{txt}{space 6}1.leaderdom1 {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.0585007{col 32}{space 2} .0340061{col 43}{space 1}   -1.72{col 52}{space 3}0.085{col 60}{space 4}-.1251514{col 73}{space 3} .0081501
{txt}{space 18} {c |}
massdom#leaderdom1 {c |}
{space 14}1 1  {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} .0653315{col 32}{space 2} .0458165{col 43}{space 1}    1.43{col 52}{space 3}0.154{col 60}{space 4}-.0244672{col 73}{space 3} .1551301
{txt}{space 18} {c |}
{space 11}pervote {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} .0009338{col 32}{space 2} .0011915{col 43}{space 1}    0.78{col 52}{space 3}0.433{col 60}{space 4}-.0014016{col 73}{space 3} .0032692
{txt}{space 9}incumbent {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.0150909{col 32}{space 2} .0233885{col 43}{space 1}   -0.65{col 52}{space 3}0.519{col 60}{space 4}-.0609316{col 73}{space 3} .0307498
{txt}{space 8}foundation {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.0005703{col 32}{space 2} .0003559{col 43}{space 1}   -1.60{col 52}{space 3}0.109{col 60}{space 4}-.0012679{col 73}{space 3} .0001272
{txt}{space 8}rile_dummy {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.0026389{col 32}{space 2} .0407128{col 43}{space 1}   -0.06{col 52}{space 3}0.948{col 60}{space 4}-.0824345{col 73}{space 3} .0771566
{txt}{space 13}_cons {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} 1.031888{col 32}{space 2} .7022348{col 43}{space 1}    1.47{col 52}{space 3}0.142{col 60}{space 4} -.344467{col 73}{space 3} 2.408243
{txt}{hline 19}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0370075{col 44} .0187578{col 58}  .013704{col 70} .0999385
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1388184{col 44} .0074174{col 58} .1250159{col 70} .1541448
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}2.31{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0642
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed distance_a i.massdom##i.leaderdom1 pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-145.98537}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-145.98537}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      14.0
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}7{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    10.01
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-145.98537{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.1879

{txt}{hline 19}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}        distance_a{col 20}{c |}      Coef.{col 32}   Std. Err.{col 44}      z{col 52}   P>|z|{col 60}     [95% Con{col 73}f. Interval]
{hline 19}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}1.massdom {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.3088706{col 32}{space 2} .1268496{col 43}{space 1}   -2.43{col 52}{space 3}0.015{col 60}{space 4}-.5574913{col 73}{space 3}-.0602498
{txt}{space 6}1.leaderdom1 {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.2166714{col 32}{space 2}  .119478{col 43}{space 1}   -1.81{col 52}{space 3}0.070{col 60}{space 4} -.450844{col 73}{space 3} .0175012
{txt}{space 18} {c |}
massdom#leaderdom1 {c |}
{space 14}1 1  {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} .2883845{col 32}{space 2} .1651868{col 43}{space 1}    1.75{col 52}{space 3}0.081{col 60}{space 4}-.0353758{col 73}{space 3} .6121448
{txt}{space 18} {c |}
{space 11}pervote {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.0019875{col 32}{space 2} .0043606{col 43}{space 1}   -0.46{col 52}{space 3}0.649{col 60}{space 4}-.0105341{col 73}{space 3}  .006559
{txt}{space 9}incumbent {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} .0142155{col 32}{space 2} .0832085{col 43}{space 1}    0.17{col 52}{space 3}0.864{col 60}{space 4}-.1488703{col 73}{space 3} .1773013
{txt}{space 8}foundation {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} -.001961{col 32}{space 2}  .001343{col 43}{space 1}   -1.46{col 52}{space 3}0.144{col 60}{space 4}-.0045932{col 73}{space 3} .0006712
{txt}{space 8}rile_dummy {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} .1242483{col 32}{space 2}  .146033{col 43}{space 1}    0.85{col 52}{space 3}0.395{col 60}{space 4}-.1619711{col 73}{space 3} .4104678
{txt}{space 13}_cons {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} 2.465867{col 32}{space 2} 2.651133{col 43}{space 1}    0.93{col 52}{space 3}0.352{col 60}{space 4}-2.730258{col 73}{space 3} 7.661992
{txt}{hline 19}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2367073{col 44} .0779992{col 58} .1240868{col 70} .4515414
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4849122{col 44}  .025977{col 58} .4365799{col 70} .5385952
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}11.71{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0003
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed subjcong  i.massdom##i.leaderdom1 pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country: 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: -183.9203}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: -183.9203}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       195
{txt}Group variable: {res}country{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        14

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         4
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}      13.9
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}        27

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}7{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    11.39
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} -183.9203{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.1224

{txt}{hline 19}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}          subjcong{col 20}{c |}      Coef.{col 32}   Std. Err.{col 44}      z{col 52}   P>|z|{col 60}     [95% Con{col 73}f. Interval]
{hline 19}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}1.massdom {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.4653487{col 32}{space 2}  .151988{col 43}{space 1}   -3.06{col 52}{space 3}0.002{col 60}{space 4}-.7632397{col 73}{space 3}-.1674578
{txt}{space 6}1.leaderdom1 {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.2518177{col 32}{space 2} .1438781{col 43}{space 1}   -1.75{col 52}{space 3}0.080{col 60}{space 4}-.5338136{col 73}{space 3} .0301781
{txt}{space 18} {c |}
massdom#leaderdom1 {c |}
{space 14}1 1  {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} .4172237{col 32}{space 2}  .199413{col 43}{space 1}    2.09{col 52}{space 3}0.036{col 60}{space 4} .0263813{col 73}{space 3} .8080661
{txt}{space 18} {c |}
{space 11}pervote {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} .0041857{col 32}{space 2} .0051862{col 43}{space 1}    0.81{col 52}{space 3}0.420{col 60}{space 4}-.0059791{col 73}{space 3} .0143505
{txt}{space 9}incumbent {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.0139589{col 32}{space 2} .1023728{col 43}{space 1}   -0.14{col 52}{space 3}0.892{col 60}{space 4}-.2146059{col 73}{space 3} .1866882
{txt}{space 8}foundation {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}-.0019396{col 32}{space 2} .0016022{col 43}{space 1}   -1.21{col 52}{space 3}0.226{col 60}{space 4}-.0050799{col 73}{space 3} .0012006
{txt}{space 8}rile_dummy {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2}  .191274{col 32}{space 2} .1707279{col 43}{space 1}    1.12{col 52}{space 3}0.263{col 60}{space 4}-.1433465{col 73}{space 3} .5258944
{txt}{space 13}_cons {c |}{col 20}{res}{space 2} 2.535303{col 32}{space 2} 3.163911{col 43}{space 1}    0.80{col 52}{space 3}0.423{col 60}{space 4}-3.665849{col 73}{space 3} 8.736456
{txt}{hline 19}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4133165{col 44}  .109458{col 58} .2459576{col 70} .6945527
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .5784029{col 44} .0308681{col 58} .5209593{col 70} .6421806
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}23.22{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0000
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table 7 (elections instead of countries as higher level)
. xtmixed relcit q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || B1003:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 105.73218}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 105.75802}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 105.75805}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 3:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 105.75805}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       189
{txt}Group variable: {res}B1003{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        36

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         2
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}       5.3
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}         8

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}     9.43
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 105.75805{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.1509

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} -.104661{col 26}{space 2} .0471651{col 37}{space 1}   -2.22{col 46}{space 3}0.026{col 54}{space 4}-.1971029{col 67}{space 3}-.0122192
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0146215{col 26}{space 2} .0080467{col 37}{space 1}   -1.82{col 46}{space 3}0.069{col 54}{space 4}-.0303929{col 67}{space 3} .0011498
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0021406{col 26}{space 2} .0011757{col 37}{space 1}    1.82{col 46}{space 3}0.069{col 54}{space 4}-.0001638{col 67}{space 3} .0044451
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0003101{col 26}{space 2} .0233931{col 37}{space 1}   -0.01{col 46}{space 3}0.989{col 54}{space 4}-.0461598{col 67}{space 3} .0455396
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0004005{col 26}{space 2} .0003201{col 37}{space 1}   -1.25{col 46}{space 3}0.211{col 54}{space 4}-.0010279{col 67}{space 3} .0002269
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0026327{col 26}{space 2} .0390971{col 37}{space 1}   -0.07{col 46}{space 3}0.946{col 54}{space 4}-.0792615{col 67}{space 3} .0739961
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .7443358{col 26}{space 2} .6302535{col 37}{space 1}    1.18{col 46}{space 3}0.238{col 54}{space 4}-.4909383{col 67}{space 3}  1.97961
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}B1003{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0382753{col 44} .0179773{col 58} .0152448{col 70} .0960981
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1336915{col 44} .0078186{col 58} .1192129{col 70} .1499285
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}1.54{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.1070
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed distance_a q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || B1003:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-134.79286}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-134.79286}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       189
{txt}Group variable: {res}B1003{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        36

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         2
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}       5.3
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}         8

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    13.28
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-134.79286{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0388

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}  distance_a{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.2706324{col 26}{space 2} .1700566{col 37}{space 1}   -1.59{col 46}{space 3}0.112{col 54}{space 4}-.6039371{col 67}{space 3} .0626724
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0640529{col 26}{space 2} .0273518{col 37}{space 1}   -2.34{col 46}{space 3}0.019{col 54}{space 4}-.1176615{col 67}{space 3}-.0104444
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0017803{col 26}{space 2} .0041689{col 37}{space 1}    0.43{col 46}{space 3}0.669{col 54}{space 4}-.0063906{col 67}{space 3} .0099512
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0389203{col 26}{space 2} .0805532{col 37}{space 1}    0.48{col 46}{space 3}0.629{col 54}{space 4}-.1189611{col 67}{space 3} .1968017
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0007914{col 26}{space 2} .0011578{col 37}{space 1}   -0.68{col 46}{space 3}0.494{col 54}{space 4}-.0030606{col 67}{space 3} .0014778
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .2448054{col 26}{space 2}  .138998{col 37}{space 1}    1.76{col 46}{space 3}0.078{col 54}{space 4}-.0276256{col 67}{space 3} .5172365
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .3180139{col 26}{space 2} 2.283881{col 37}{space 1}    0.14{col 46}{space 3}0.889{col 54}{space 4} -4.15831{col 67}{space 3} 4.794338
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}B1003{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2803257{col 44} .0530317{col 58} .1934788{col 70} .4061555
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33}  .444297{col 44} .0256659{col 58}  .396736{col 70} .4975597
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}19.18{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0000
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed subjcong q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || B1003:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-168.27114}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-168.27114}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       187
{txt}Group variable: {res}B1003{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        35

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         3
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}       5.3
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}         8

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    10.06
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-168.27114{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.1224

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}    subjcong{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.3671738{col 26}{space 2} .2041002{col 37}{space 1}   -1.80{col 46}{space 3}0.072{col 54}{space 4}-.7672027{col 67}{space 3} .0328552
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0457915{col 26}{space 2} .0330625{col 37}{space 1}   -1.39{col 46}{space 3}0.166{col 54}{space 4}-.1105927{col 67}{space 3} .0190097
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0085107{col 26}{space 2} .0049152{col 37}{space 1}    1.73{col 46}{space 3}0.083{col 54}{space 4}-.0011229{col 67}{space 3} .0181443
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0161665{col 26}{space 2} .0984804{col 37}{space 1}   -0.16{col 46}{space 3}0.870{col 54}{space 4}-.2091846{col 67}{space 3} .1768515
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0005464{col 26}{space 2} .0013552{col 37}{space 1}   -0.40{col 46}{space 3}0.687{col 54}{space 4}-.0032025{col 67}{space 3} .0021098
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .3816292{col 26}{space 2} .1615864{col 37}{space 1}    2.36{col 46}{space 3}0.018{col 54}{space 4} .0649257{col 67}{space 3} .6983327
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0368742{col 26}{space 2} 2.674291{col 37}{space 1}   -0.01{col 46}{space 3}0.989{col 54}{space 4}-5.278387{col 67}{space 3} 5.204639
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}B1003{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .3898403{col 44}   .06604{col 58} .2796989{col 70} .5433537
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .5242424{col 44} .0302924{col 58} .4681091{col 70}  .587107
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}28.54{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0000
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed absmean_distance q21  pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || B1003:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-205.87419}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-205.87363}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-205.87363}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       189
{txt}Group variable: {res}B1003{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        36

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         2
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}       5.3
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}         8

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}     9.91
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-205.87363{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0779

{txt}{hline 17}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}absmean_distance{col 18}{c |}      Coef.{col 30}   Std. Err.{col 42}      z{col 50}   P>|z|{col 58}     [95% Con{col 71}f. Interval]
{hline 17}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 13}q21 {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}  .594594{col 30}{space 2}  .246901{col 41}{space 1}    2.41{col 50}{space 3}0.016{col 58}{space 4}  .110677{col 71}{space 3} 1.078511
{txt}{space 9}pervote {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-.0090168{col 30}{space 2} .0057481{col 41}{space 1}   -1.57{col 50}{space 3}0.117{col 58}{space 4}-.0202828{col 71}{space 3} .0022492
{txt}{space 7}incumbent {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-.1147114{col 30}{space 2} .1190298{col 41}{space 1}   -0.96{col 50}{space 3}0.335{col 58}{space 4}-.3480056{col 71}{space 3} .1185828
{txt}{space 6}foundation {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2} .0029202{col 30}{space 2} .0016323{col 41}{space 1}    1.79{col 50}{space 3}0.074{col 58}{space 4}-.0002789{col 71}{space 3} .0061194
{txt}{space 6}rile_dummy {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-.3050174{col 30}{space 2} .2038344{col 41}{space 1}   -1.50{col 50}{space 3}0.135{col 58}{space 4}-.7045255{col 71}{space 3} .0944908
{txt}{space 11}_cons {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-5.266809{col 30}{space 2} 3.240766{col 41}{space 1}   -1.63{col 50}{space 3}0.104{col 58}{space 4}-11.61859{col 71}{space 3} 1.084976
{txt}{hline 17}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}B1003{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2918363{col 44} .0795954{col 58} .1709947{col 70} .4980764
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33}  .674461{col 44} .0392564{col 58} .6017462{col 70} .7559625
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}6.06{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0069
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed partystd lll pervote incumbent foundation rile_dummy ||B1003: if e(sample) 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-27.914831}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-27.914831}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       189
{txt}Group variable: {res}B1003{col 49}{txt}Number of groups{col 67}={col 69}{res}        36

{txt}{col 49}Obs per group:
{col 63}min{col 67}={col 69}{res}         2
{txt}{col 63}avg{col 67}={col 69}{res}       5.3
{txt}{col 63}max{col 67}={col 69}{res}         8

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    29.16
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-27.914831{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0000

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}    partystd{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0512388{col 26}{space 2} .0152426{col 37}{space 1}    3.36{col 46}{space 3}0.001{col 54}{space 4} .0213639{col 67}{space 3} .0811137
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0045517{col 26}{space 2} .0019173{col 37}{space 1}    2.37{col 46}{space 3}0.018{col 54}{space 4} .0007939{col 67}{space 3} .0083095
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0982145{col 26}{space 2} .0448462{col 37}{space 1}   -2.19{col 46}{space 3}0.029{col 54}{space 4}-.1861115{col 67}{space 3}-.0103175
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} -.000555{col 26}{space 2} .0006183{col 37}{space 1}   -0.90{col 46}{space 3}0.369{col 54}{space 4}-.0017669{col 67}{space 3}  .000657
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0234883{col 26}{space 2} .0783684{col 37}{space 1}    0.30{col 46}{space 3}0.764{col 54}{space 4}-.1301109{col 67}{space 3} .1770876
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 2.613988{col 26}{space 2} 1.205388{col 37}{space 1}    2.17{col 46}{space 3}0.030{col 54}{space 4} .2514712{col 67}{space 3} 4.976505
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}B1003{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1796363{col 44}  .030799{col 58} .1283672{col 70} .2513822
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2478217{col 44}  .014284{col 58}  .221349{col 70} .2774605
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}{help j_chibar##|_new:chibar2(01) =} {res}27.62{col 55}{txt}Prob >= chibar2 = {col 73}{res}0.0000
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table 8 (party constants as another higher level)
. xtmixed relcit q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country: || partyvote:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 112.49626}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:  112.5983}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 112.60085}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 3:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 112.60087}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 4:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: 112.60087}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196

{txt}{hline 16}{c TT}{hline 44}
{col 17}{c |}{col 23}No. of{col 36}Observations per Group
{col 2}Group Variable{col 17}{c |}{col 23}Groups{col 33}Minimum{col 44}Average{col 55}Maximum
{hline 16}{c +}{hline 44}
{res}{col 9}country{txt}{col 17}{c |}{res}{col 21}      14{col 31}        3{col 42}     14.0{col 53}       27
{col 7}partyvote{txt}{col 17}{c |}{res}{col 21}      79{col 31}        1{col 42}      2.5{col 53}        5
{txt}{hline 16}{c BT}{hline 44}

{col 49}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    11.18
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 112.60087{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0831

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.1263874{col 26}{space 2} .0547457{col 37}{space 1}   -2.31{col 46}{space 3}0.021{col 54}{space 4} -.233687{col 67}{space 3}-.0190878
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0180737{col 26}{space 2} .0099328{col 37}{space 1}   -1.82{col 46}{space 3}0.069{col 54}{space 4}-.0375416{col 67}{space 3} .0013941
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0024274{col 26}{space 2} .0012889{col 37}{space 1}    1.88{col 46}{space 3}0.060{col 54}{space 4}-.0000988{col 67}{space 3} .0049537
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0233856{col 26}{space 2} .0227289{col 37}{space 1}   -1.03{col 46}{space 3}0.304{col 54}{space 4}-.0679334{col 67}{space 3} .0211621
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0004525{col 26}{space 2} .0003994{col 37}{space 1}   -1.13{col 46}{space 3}0.257{col 54}{space 4}-.0012353{col 67}{space 3} .0003303
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0075128{col 26}{space 2} .0407581{col 37}{space 1}   -0.18{col 46}{space 3}0.854{col 54}{space 4}-.0873972{col 67}{space 3} .0723716
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .8668144{col 26}{space 2} .7865742{col 37}{space 1}    1.10{col 46}{space 3}0.270{col 54}{space 4}-.6748427{col 67}{space 3} 2.408472
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0124979{col 44} .0498231{col 58} 5.05e-06{col 70} 30.91388
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}partyvote{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0811713{col 44} .0159004{col 58} .0552922{col 70} .1191631
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1165315{col 44} .0079747{col 58} .1019043{col 70} .1332583
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}11.90{col 59}{txt}Prob > chi2 ={col 73}{res}0.0026

{txt}{p 0 6 4}Note: {help j_mixedlr##|_new:LR test is conservative} and provided only for reference.{p_end}

{com}. xtmixed distance_a q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country: || partyvote:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-143.68759}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-143.49756}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-143.49697}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 3:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-143.49697}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196

{txt}{hline 16}{c TT}{hline 44}
{col 17}{c |}{col 23}No. of{col 36}Observations per Group
{col 2}Group Variable{col 17}{c |}{col 23}Groups{col 33}Minimum{col 44}Average{col 55}Maximum
{hline 16}{c +}{hline 44}
{res}{col 9}country{txt}{col 17}{c |}{res}{col 21}      14{col 31}        3{col 42}     14.0{col 53}       27
{col 7}partyvote{txt}{col 17}{c |}{res}{col 21}      79{col 31}        1{col 42}      2.5{col 53}        5
{txt}{hline 16}{c BT}{hline 44}

{col 49}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    10.69
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-143.49697{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0983

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}  distance_a{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.3306648{col 26}{space 2} .1934317{col 37}{space 1}   -1.71{col 46}{space 3}0.087{col 54}{space 4}-.7097839{col 67}{space 3} .0484543
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0761132{col 26}{space 2} .0319476{col 37}{space 1}   -2.38{col 46}{space 3}0.017{col 54}{space 4}-.1387294{col 67}{space 3} -.013497
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0029743{col 26}{space 2} .0046171{col 37}{space 1}    0.64{col 46}{space 3}0.519{col 54}{space 4}-.0060752{col 67}{space 3} .0120237
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0132883{col 26}{space 2}  .084178{col 37}{space 1}   -0.16{col 46}{space 3}0.875{col 54}{space 4}-.1782741{col 67}{space 3} .1516974
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} -.001084{col 26}{space 2}  .001417{col 37}{space 1}   -0.77{col 46}{space 3}0.444{col 54}{space 4}-.0038613{col 67}{space 3} .0016932
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .1113009{col 26}{space 2} .1490705{col 37}{space 1}    0.75{col 46}{space 3}0.455{col 54}{space 4} -.180872{col 67}{space 3} .4034738
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .9120188{col 26}{space 2} 2.797567{col 37}{space 1}    0.33{col 46}{space 3}0.744{col 54}{space 4}-4.571113{col 67}{space 3}  6.39515
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2330632{col 44} .0826556{col 58} .1163044{col 70} .4670369
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}partyvote{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1842291{col 44}  .078769{col 58} .0796927{col 70} .4258904
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4498428{col 44} .0320345{col 58} .3912411{col 70}  .517222
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}13.66{col 59}{txt}Prob > chi2 ={col 73}{res}0.0011

{txt}{p 0 6 4}Note: {help j_mixedlr##|_new:LR test is conservative} and provided only for reference.{p_end}

{com}. xtmixed subjcong q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country: || partyvote:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-185.67011}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-184.26469}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-184.26319}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 3:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-184.26319}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       195

{txt}{hline 16}{c TT}{hline 44}
{col 17}{c |}{col 23}No. of{col 36}Observations per Group
{col 2}Group Variable{col 17}{c |}{col 23}Groups{col 33}Minimum{col 44}Average{col 55}Maximum
{hline 16}{c +}{hline 44}
{res}{col 9}country{txt}{col 17}{c |}{res}{col 21}      14{col 31}        4{col 42}     13.9{col 53}       27
{col 7}partyvote{txt}{col 17}{c |}{res}{col 21}      83{col 31}        1{col 42}      2.3{col 53}        5
{txt}{hline 16}{c BT}{hline 44}

{col 49}Wald chi2({res}6{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    10.65
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-184.26319{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0998

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}    subjcong{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.5174422{col 26}{space 2} .2188408{col 37}{space 1}   -2.36{col 46}{space 3}0.018{col 54}{space 4}-.9463624{col 67}{space 3}-.0885221
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0697448{col 26}{space 2} .0350516{col 37}{space 1}   -1.99{col 46}{space 3}0.047{col 54}{space 4}-.1384447{col 67}{space 3}-.0010449
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0111123{col 26}{space 2} .0052828{col 37}{space 1}    2.10{col 46}{space 3}0.035{col 54}{space 4} .0007581{col 67}{space 3} .0214665
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0047223{col 26}{space 2} .1045693{col 37}{space 1}   -0.05{col 46}{space 3}0.964{col 54}{space 4}-.2096744{col 67}{space 3} .2002297
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}  -.00077{col 26}{space 2} .0015192{col 37}{space 1}   -0.51{col 46}{space 3}0.612{col 54}{space 4}-.0037476{col 67}{space 3} .0022076
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .2277512{col 26}{space 2} .1710643{col 37}{space 1}    1.33{col 46}{space 3}0.183{col 54}{space 4}-.1075286{col 67}{space 3}  .563031
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .4164756{col 26}{space 2} 3.001746{col 37}{space 1}    0.14{col 46}{space 3}0.890{col 54}{space 4}-5.466838{col 67}{space 3} 6.299789
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4161977{col 44} .1102216{col 58} .2476715{col 70} .6993961
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}partyvote{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} 2.89e-09{col 44} 7.96e-09{col 58} 1.31e-11{col 70} 6.38e-07
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .5792258{col 44} .0309172{col 58} .5216912{col 70} .6431057
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}23.15{col 59}{txt}Prob > chi2 ={col 73}{res}0.0000

{txt}{p 0 6 4}Note: {help j_mixedlr##|_new:LR test is conservative} and provided only for reference.{p_end}

{com}. xtmixed absmean_distance q21  pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy || country: || partyvote:
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: -214.7743}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-214.63945}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-214.63605}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 3:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-214.63599}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 4:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-214.63599}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196

{txt}{hline 16}{c TT}{hline 44}
{col 17}{c |}{col 23}No. of{col 36}Observations per Group
{col 2}Group Variable{col 17}{c |}{col 23}Groups{col 33}Minimum{col 44}Average{col 55}Maximum
{hline 16}{c +}{hline 44}
{res}{col 9}country{txt}{col 17}{c |}{res}{col 21}      14{col 31}        3{col 42}     14.0{col 53}       27
{col 7}partyvote{txt}{col 17}{c |}{res}{col 21}      79{col 31}        1{col 42}      2.5{col 53}        5
{txt}{hline 16}{c BT}{hline 44}

{col 49}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}     9.47
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}-214.63599{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0917

{txt}{hline 17}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}absmean_distance{col 18}{c |}      Coef.{col 30}   Std. Err.{col 42}      z{col 50}   P>|z|{col 58}     [95% Con{col 71}f. Interval]
{hline 17}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 13}q21 {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2} .7544141{col 30}{space 2} .2859335{col 41}{space 1}    2.64{col 50}{space 3}0.008{col 58}{space 4} .1939947{col 71}{space 3} 1.314833
{txt}{space 9}pervote {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-.0112435{col 30}{space 2} .0064614{col 41}{space 1}   -1.74{col 50}{space 3}0.082{col 58}{space 4}-.0239076{col 71}{space 3} .0014206
{txt}{space 7}incumbent {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2} .0415386{col 30}{space 2} .1203063{col 41}{space 1}    0.35{col 50}{space 3}0.730{col 58}{space 4}-.1942574{col 71}{space 3} .2773347
{txt}{space 6}foundation {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2} .0037417{col 30}{space 2} .0019926{col 41}{space 1}    1.88{col 50}{space 3}0.060{col 58}{space 4}-.0001637{col 71}{space 3} .0076471
{txt}{space 6}rile_dummy {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-.1190425{col 30}{space 2} .2155257{col 41}{space 1}   -0.55{col 50}{space 3}0.581{col 58}{space 4}-.5414651{col 71}{space 3} .3033801
{txt}{space 11}_cons {c |}{col 18}{res}{space 2}-6.962115{col 30}{space 2} 3.957331{col 41}{space 1}   -1.76{col 50}{space 3}0.079{col 58}{space 4}-14.71834{col 71}{space 3} .7941112
{txt}{hline 17}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .0549495{col 44} .3595856{col 58} 1.48e-07{col 70} 20425.35
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}partyvote{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .4121518{col 44} .0943092{col 58} .2631989{col 70} .6454022
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .6264567{col 44} .0447059{col 58} .5446865{col 70} .7205024
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}8.46{col 59}{txt}Prob > chi2 ={col 73}{res}0.0145

{txt}{p 0 6 4}Note: {help j_mixedlr##|_new:LR test is conservative} and provided only for reference.{p_end}

{com}. xtmixed partystd lll pervote incumbent foundation rile_dummy || country: || partyvote: if e(sample) 
{res}
{txt}Performing EM optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Performing gradient-based optimization: 
{res}
{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-21.763032}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 1:{space 3}log likelihood = {res:-21.759571}  
{res}{txt}Iteration 2:{space 3}log likelihood = {res: -21.75957}  
{res}
{txt}Computing standard errors:
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196

{txt}{hline 16}{c TT}{hline 44}
{col 17}{c |}{col 23}No. of{col 36}Observations per Group
{col 2}Group Variable{col 17}{c |}{col 23}Groups{col 33}Minimum{col 44}Average{col 55}Maximum
{hline 16}{c +}{hline 44}
{res}{col 9}country{txt}{col 17}{c |}{res}{col 21}      14{col 31}        3{col 42}     14.0{col 53}       27
{col 7}partyvote{txt}{col 17}{c |}{res}{col 21}      79{col 31}        1{col 42}      2.5{col 53}        5
{txt}{hline 16}{c BT}{hline 44}

{col 49}Wald chi2({res}5{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    15.32
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} -21.75957{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0091

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}    partystd{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0479746{col 26}{space 2} .0205392{col 37}{space 1}    2.34{col 46}{space 3}0.020{col 54}{space 4} .0077185{col 67}{space 3} .0882307
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0046755{col 26}{space 2}  .002332{col 37}{space 1}    2.00{col 46}{space 3}0.045{col 54}{space 4} .0001048{col 67}{space 3} .0092461
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0714654{col 26}{space 2} .0436768{col 37}{space 1}   -1.64{col 46}{space 3}0.102{col 54}{space 4}-.1570705{col 67}{space 3} .0141396
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0000112{col 26}{space 2} .0008407{col 37}{space 1}    0.01{col 46}{space 3}0.989{col 54}{space 4}-.0016367{col 67}{space 3}  .001659
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0480503{col 26}{space 2} .0823225{col 37}{space 1}    0.58{col 46}{space 3}0.559{col 54}{space 4}-.1132989{col 67}{space 3} .2093995
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 1.541109{col 26}{space 2} 1.637134{col 37}{space 1}    0.94{col 46}{space 3}0.347{col 54}{space 4}-1.667614{col 67}{space 3} 4.749832
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}country{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1234539{col 44} .0421163{col 58} .0632583{col 70} .2409306
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{res}partyvote{txt}: Identity{col 30}{c |}
{col 20}sd(_cons){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1763111{col 44} .0316566{col 58} .1240071{col 70}  .250676
{txt}{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .2164078{col 44} .0148547{col 58} .1891666{col 70}  .247572
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}
LR test vs. linear model:{col 27}chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}39.85{col 59}{txt}Prob > chi2 ={col 73}{res}0.0000

{txt}{p 0 6 4}Note: {help j_mixedlr##|_new:LR test is conservative} and provided only for reference.{p_end}

{com}. 
. 
. *Table 9 (fixed effects)
. tab country, gen (country_)

     {txt}(mean) {c |}
    country {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
         11 {c |}{res}         30        9.20        9.20
{txt}         13 {c |}{res}         29        8.90       18.10
{txt}         14 {c |}{res}         32        9.82       27.91
{txt}         21 {c |}{res}         25        7.67       35.58
{txt}         22 {c |}{res}         37       11.35       46.93
{txt}         31 {c |}{res}         17        5.21       52.15
{txt}         32 {c |}{res}         16        4.91       57.06
{txt}         33 {c |}{res}         30        9.20       66.26
{txt}         34 {c |}{res}         17        5.21       71.47
{txt}         35 {c |}{res}         20        6.13       77.61
{txt}         41 {c |}{res}         25        7.67       85.28
{txt}         42 {c |}{res}         15        4.60       89.88
{txt}         51 {c |}{res}          9        2.76       92.64
{txt}         53 {c |}{res}         24        7.36      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        326      100.00
{txt}
{com}. xtmixed relcit q21  pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy country_1-country_14
{txt}note: country_13 dropped because of collinearity
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}18{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    43.73
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 119.34859{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0006

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.1145623{col 26}{space 2} .0520936{col 37}{space 1}   -2.20{col 46}{space 3}0.028{col 54}{space 4}-.2166638{col 67}{space 3}-.0124607
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0013229{col 26}{space 2} .0011981{col 37}{space 1}    1.10{col 46}{space 3}0.270{col 54}{space 4}-.0010254{col 67}{space 3} .0036711
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0006022{col 26}{space 2}  .023297{col 37}{space 1}    0.03{col 46}{space 3}0.979{col 54}{space 4}-.0450592{col 67}{space 3} .0462635
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0007895{col 26}{space 2} .0003638{col 37}{space 1}   -2.17{col 46}{space 3}0.030{col 54}{space 4}-.0015024{col 67}{space 3}-.0000765
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0206837{col 26}{space 2} .0407759{col 37}{space 1}    0.51{col 46}{space 3}0.612{col 54}{space 4}-.0592356{col 67}{space 3}  .100603
{txt}{space 3}country_1 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0146157{col 26}{space 2} .0821106{col 37}{space 1}   -0.18{col 46}{space 3}0.859{col 54}{space 4}-.1755495{col 67}{space 3} .1463182
{txt}{space 3}country_2 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0492416{col 26}{space 2} .0831619{col 37}{space 1}   -0.59{col 46}{space 3}0.554{col 54}{space 4}-.2122358{col 67}{space 3} .1137527
{txt}{space 3}country_3 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0068049{col 26}{space 2} .0819489{col 37}{space 1}    0.08{col 46}{space 3}0.934{col 54}{space 4} -.153812{col 67}{space 3} .1674218
{txt}{space 3}country_4 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0343385{col 26}{space 2} .0884034{col 37}{space 1}   -0.39{col 46}{space 3}0.698{col 54}{space 4}-.2076061{col 67}{space 3}  .138929
{txt}{space 3}country_5 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0598039{col 26}{space 2} .0838828{col 37}{space 1}    0.71{col 46}{space 3}0.476{col 54}{space 4}-.1046033{col 67}{space 3} .2242111
{txt}{space 3}country_6 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0266691{col 26}{space 2} .0880622{col 37}{space 1}    0.30{col 46}{space 3}0.762{col 54}{space 4}-.1459296{col 67}{space 3} .1992678
{txt}{space 3}country_7 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.2693278{col 26}{space 2} .1052166{col 37}{space 1}   -2.56{col 46}{space 3}0.010{col 54}{space 4}-.4755486{col 67}{space 3}-.0631071
{txt}{space 3}country_8 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0734423{col 26}{space 2} .0857172{col 37}{space 1}   -0.86{col 46}{space 3}0.392{col 54}{space 4}-.2414449{col 67}{space 3} .0945602
{txt}{space 3}country_9 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0120744{col 26}{space 2} .0916883{col 37}{space 1}    0.13{col 46}{space 3}0.895{col 54}{space 4}-.1676313{col 67}{space 3} .1917801
{txt}{space 2}country_10 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0285133{col 26}{space 2} .0932905{col 37}{space 1}    0.31{col 46}{space 3}0.760{col 54}{space 4}-.1543327{col 67}{space 3} .2113593
{txt}{space 2}country_11 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0256234{col 26}{space 2} .0826232{col 37}{space 1}    0.31{col 46}{space 3}0.756{col 54}{space 4}-.1363151{col 67}{space 3} .1875619
{txt}{space 2}country_12 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0541809{col 26}{space 2}  .089231{col 37}{space 1}   -0.61{col 46}{space 3}0.544{col 54}{space 4}-.2290704{col 67}{space 3} .1207086
{txt}{space 2}country_14 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} -.040879{col 26}{space 2} .0835504{col 37}{space 1}   -0.49{col 46}{space 3}0.625{col 54}{space 4}-.2046348{col 67}{space 3} .1228767
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 1.490823{col 26}{space 2} .7121994{col 37}{space 1}    2.09{col 46}{space 3}0.036{col 54}{space 4} .0949375{col 67}{space 3} 2.886708
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1316169{col 44} .0066477{col 58} .1192119{col 70} .1453128
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}

{com}. xtmixed relcit  lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy country_1-country_14
{txt}note: country_13 dropped because of collinearity
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}18{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    41.56
{txt}Log likelihood = {res}  118.4567{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0013

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0138097{col 26}{space 2} .0079508{col 37}{space 1}   -1.74{col 46}{space 3}0.082{col 54}{space 4}-.0293929{col 67}{space 3} .0017735
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0003784{col 26}{space 2}  .001035{col 37}{space 1}    0.37{col 46}{space 3}0.715{col 54}{space 4}-.0016502{col 67}{space 3}  .002407
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0132733{col 26}{space 2}  .023167{col 37}{space 1}   -0.57{col 46}{space 3}0.567{col 54}{space 4}-.0586798{col 67}{space 3} .0321331
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0003241{col 26}{space 2} .0003489{col 37}{space 1}   -0.93{col 46}{space 3}0.353{col 54}{space 4}-.0010079{col 67}{space 3} .0003597
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0106353{col 26}{space 2} .0408493{col 37}{space 1}    0.26{col 46}{space 3}0.795{col 54}{space 4}-.0694279{col 67}{space 3} .0906986
{txt}{space 3}country_1 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0285575{col 26}{space 2}  .082373{col 37}{space 1}   -0.35{col 46}{space 3}0.729{col 54}{space 4}-.1900057{col 67}{space 3} .1328907
{txt}{space 3}country_2 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0719315{col 26}{space 2} .0839066{col 37}{space 1}   -0.86{col 46}{space 3}0.391{col 54}{space 4}-.2363855{col 67}{space 3} .0925225
{txt}{space 3}country_3 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0077679{col 26}{space 2} .0828667{col 37}{space 1}   -0.09{col 46}{space 3}0.925{col 54}{space 4}-.1701837{col 67}{space 3} .1546479
{txt}{space 3}country_4 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0685535{col 26}{space 2} .0884079{col 37}{space 1}   -0.78{col 46}{space 3}0.438{col 54}{space 4}-.2418297{col 67}{space 3} .1047228
{txt}{space 3}country_5 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0217221{col 26}{space 2} .0843009{col 37}{space 1}    0.26{col 46}{space 3}0.797{col 54}{space 4}-.1435045{col 67}{space 3} .1869488
{txt}{space 3}country_6 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0103488{col 26}{space 2} .0882489{col 37}{space 1}   -0.12{col 46}{space 3}0.907{col 54}{space 4}-.1833134{col 67}{space 3} .1626158
{txt}{space 3}country_7 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.3294972{col 26}{space 2} .1034858{col 37}{space 1}   -3.18{col 46}{space 3}0.001{col 54}{space 4}-.5323256{col 67}{space 3}-.1266689
{txt}{space 3}country_8 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0877865{col 26}{space 2} .0863803{col 37}{space 1}   -1.02{col 46}{space 3}0.309{col 54}{space 4}-.2570888{col 67}{space 3} .0815157
{txt}{space 3}country_9 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0311487{col 26}{space 2} .0902192{col 37}{space 1}   -0.35{col 46}{space 3}0.730{col 54}{space 4}-.2079751{col 67}{space 3} .1456777
{txt}{space 2}country_10 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0171449{col 26}{space 2} .0938478{col 37}{space 1}    0.18{col 46}{space 3}0.855{col 54}{space 4}-.1667934{col 67}{space 3} .2010833
{txt}{space 2}country_11 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0177537{col 26}{space 2} .0834782{col 37}{space 1}    0.21{col 46}{space 3}0.832{col 54}{space 4}-.1458605{col 67}{space 3}  .181368
{txt}{space 2}country_12 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0417478{col 26}{space 2}  .089277{col 37}{space 1}   -0.47{col 46}{space 3}0.640{col 54}{space 4}-.2167275{col 67}{space 3} .1332318
{txt}{space 2}country_14 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0551434{col 26}{space 2} .0844495{col 37}{space 1}   -0.65{col 46}{space 3}0.514{col 54}{space 4}-.2206614{col 67}{space 3} .1103746
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .5821671{col 26}{space 2} .6695176{col 37}{space 1}    0.87{col 46}{space 3}0.385{col 54}{space 4}-.7300632{col 67}{space 3} 1.894398
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1322172{col 44}  .006678{col 58} .1197556{col 70} .1459755
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}

{com}. xtmixed relcit q21 lll pervote incumbent foundation  rile_dummy country_1-country_14
{txt}note: country_13 dropped because of collinearity
{res}
{txt}Mixed-effects ML regression{col 49}Number of obs{col 67}={col 69}{res}       196

{col 49}{txt}Wald chi2({res}19{txt}){col 67}={col 70}{res}    48.24
{txt}Log likelihood = {res} 121.17493{col 49}{txt}Prob > chi2{col 67}={col 73}{res}0.0002

{txt}{hline 13}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}      relcit{col 14}{c |}      Coef.{col 26}   Std. Err.{col 38}      z{col 46}   P>|z|{col 54}     [95% Con{col 67}f. Interval]
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{space 9}q21 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.1214692{col 26}{space 2} .0517356{col 37}{space 1}   -2.35{col 46}{space 3}0.019{col 54}{space 4}-.2228692{col 67}{space 3}-.0200692
{txt}{space 9}lll {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0150928{col 26}{space 2} .0078603{col 37}{space 1}   -1.92{col 46}{space 3}0.055{col 54}{space 4}-.0304987{col 67}{space 3} .0003131
{txt}{space 5}pervote {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0020668{col 26}{space 2} .0012486{col 37}{space 1}    1.66{col 46}{space 3}0.098{col 54}{space 4}-.0003805{col 67}{space 3} .0045141
{txt}{space 3}incumbent {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0038549{col 26}{space 2} .0231974{col 37}{space 1}   -0.17{col 46}{space 3}0.868{col 54}{space 4}-.0493209{col 67}{space 3} .0416112
{txt}{space 2}foundation {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0006371{col 26}{space 2}  .000369{col 37}{space 1}   -1.73{col 46}{space 3}0.084{col 54}{space 4}-.0013604{col 67}{space 3} .0000861
{txt}{space 2}rile_dummy {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}   .01826{col 26}{space 2} .0404174{col 37}{space 1}    0.45{col 46}{space 3}0.651{col 54}{space 4}-.0609567{col 67}{space 3} .0974766
{txt}{space 3}country_1 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0178491{col 26}{space 2} .0813665{col 37}{space 1}   -0.22{col 46}{space 3}0.826{col 54}{space 4}-.1773245{col 67}{space 3} .1416262
{txt}{space 3}country_2 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0650798{col 26}{space 2} .0828024{col 37}{space 1}   -0.79{col 46}{space 3}0.432{col 54}{space 4}-.2273696{col 67}{space 3}   .09721
{txt}{space 3}country_3 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0113906{col 26}{space 2}   .08174{col 37}{space 1}   -0.14{col 46}{space 3}0.889{col 54}{space 4} -.171598{col 67}{space 3} .1488169
{txt}{space 3}country_4 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0450752{col 26}{space 2} .0877618{col 37}{space 1}   -0.51{col 46}{space 3}0.608{col 54}{space 4}-.2170852{col 67}{space 3} .1269348
{txt}{space 3}country_5 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0423275{col 26}{space 2} .0836017{col 37}{space 1}    0.51{col 46}{space 3}0.613{col 54}{space 4}-.1215289{col 67}{space 3} .2061838
{txt}{space 3}country_6 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0122933{col 26}{space 2} .0875661{col 37}{space 1}    0.14{col 46}{space 3}0.888{col 54}{space 4}-.1593331{col 67}{space 3} .1839196
{txt}{space 3}country_7 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.2784646{col 26}{space 2} .1043493{col 37}{space 1}   -2.67{col 46}{space 3}0.008{col 54}{space 4}-.4829855{col 67}{space 3}-.0739437
{txt}{space 3}country_8 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0864623{col 26}{space 2} .0851925{col 37}{space 1}   -1.01{col 46}{space 3}0.310{col 54}{space 4}-.2534365{col 67}{space 3} .0805118
{txt}{space 3}country_9 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0118051{col 26}{space 2}  .090838{col 37}{space 1}    0.13{col 46}{space 3}0.897{col 54}{space 4}-.1662341{col 67}{space 3} .1898443
{txt}{space 2}country_10 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0189783{col 26}{space 2} .0925586{col 37}{space 1}    0.21{col 46}{space 3}0.838{col 54}{space 4}-.1624332{col 67}{space 3} .2003897
{txt}{space 2}country_11 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} .0063077{col 26}{space 2} .0824727{col 37}{space 1}    0.08{col 46}{space 3}0.939{col 54}{space 4}-.1553358{col 67}{space 3} .1679512
{txt}{space 2}country_12 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0636897{col 26}{space 2}  .088542{col 37}{space 1}   -0.72{col 46}{space 3}0.472{col 54}{space 4}-.2372287{col 67}{space 3} .1098494
{txt}{space 2}country_14 {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2}-.0588197{col 26}{space 2} .0833011{col 37}{space 1}   -0.71{col 46}{space 3}0.480{col 54}{space 4}-.2220869{col 67}{space 3} .1044475
{txt}{space 7}_cons {c |}{col 14}{res}{space 2} 1.241157{col 26}{space 2} .7174743{col 37}{space 1}    1.73{col 46}{space 3}0.084{col 54}{space 4}-.1650672{col 67}{space 3}  2.64738
{txt}{hline 13}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 48}
{col 3}Random-effects Parameters{col 30}{c |}{col 34}Estimate{col 45}Std. Err.{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 48}
{col 17}sd(Residual){col 30}{c |}{res}{col 33} .1303962{col 44}  .006586{col 58} .1181062{col 70}  .143965
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 48}

{com}. 
. 
. 
{txt}end of do-file

{com}. log close
      {txt}name:  {res}<unnamed>
       {txt}log:  {res}C:\Users\natha\Dropbox\Papers NG\Party Organisation and Representation Paper\final submission for PRSM\Replication Materials\replication_GigerSchumacher.smcl
  {txt}log type:  {res}smcl
 {txt}closed on:  {res}16 Sep 2019, 15:48:30
{txt}{.-}
{smcl}
{txt}{sf}{ul off}